The Law on Investment No. 143/2025/QH15 shows shift the regulatory approach from "pre-inspection" (ex ante control) to "post-inspection" (ex post control). In that spirit, Article 19.2 permits a foreign investor to establish an economic organization before carrying out the procedures for issuance or adjustment of an Investment Registration Certificate (IRC), thereby reversing the "project first - enterprise later" sequence maintained for many years under the 2020 Investment Law.